1.7 Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems (A-level only) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Genotype

A

the genetic constitution of an organism( the allele is has for a gene)

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2
Q

Define Phenotype

A

the expression of the genes and their interaction with the environment

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3
Q

Define Homozygous

A

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for a single gene

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4
Q

Define Heterozygous

A

A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying two different alleles for a single gene

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5
Q

Define recessive allele

A

An allele is only expressed if no dominant allele is present

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6
Q

Define Dominant allele

A

An allele that will always be expressed in a phenotype

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7
Q

Define Codominant

A

Both alleles are equally dominant and expressed in the phenotype

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8
Q

Define multiple alleles

A

more than two alleles for a single gene

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9
Q

Define Sex-linkage

A

a gene whose locus is on the X chromosome

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10
Q

Define Autosomal linkage

A

Genes that are located on the same chromosome (not the sex chromosomes)

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11
Q

Define epistasis

A

When one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a different locus

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12
Q

Define monohybrid

A

genetic inheritance cross of a characteristics determined by one gene

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13
Q

Define Dihybrid

A

Genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by two genes

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