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bacterial genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

long double stranded supercoiled circular DNA

A

bacterial chromosomes

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2
Q

extra genetic information, small circular DNA

A

plasmids

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3
Q

the chromosomes subdivided into

A

genes

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4
Q

what is essential for bacterial growth ?

A

genes

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5
Q

the genes that has specialized function are carried on

A

plasmids

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6
Q

Function of Rifamipcin

A

Inhibit RNA ploymerase

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7
Q

macrolides aminoglycosides tetracyclcin chloramphenicol
drugs that..

A

inhibitor of protein synthesis

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8
Q

how does the plasmids replicate ?

A

autonomously
they replicate independently of replication of the bacterial chromosomes

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9
Q

Plamsids with high copy number are replicate under

A

relaxed control of replication

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10
Q

plasmids with low copy number their replication is

A
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11
Q

the plasmids carry some genetic information which are

A

not essential for growth

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12
Q

plasmids can transfer from cell to cell so they are used as?

A

vectors

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13
Q

Plasmids are used as vetors for what

A

cloning DNA

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14
Q

types of plasmids

A

conjugative
non conjugative

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15
Q

charcaterastics of conjugative plasmids

A

large
copy number 1-2
present f factors
transfer among bacteria conjugation

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16
Q

what bacteria contain conjugative plasmids ?

A

gram negative bacilli

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17
Q

how can conjugative plasmids transfer among bacteria

A

conjugation

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18
Q

contain tra gene and
sex pilus formation

A

conjugative plasmids

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19
Q

stringent

A

conjugative plasmids

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20
Q

characterstics of non conjugative plasmids

A

small
copy number 10-60
absent f factor

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21
Q

transfer among bacteria by help of conjugative plasmids

A

non conjugative plasmids

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22
Q

what plasmids can be seen in gram positive cocci

A

non conjugative

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23
Q

does not contain tra gene nor
sex plius formation

A

non conjugative plasmids

24
Q

what is the gene that resist drug in ?

A

R-Factors plasmids

25
Q

the f factors is seen in what plasmids

A

conjugative

26
Q

sex factors plasmids are carried on

A

f factor

27
Q

fonction of f factor

A

mediate gene transfer by conjugation

28
Q

Rabid spread of drug resistance

A

conjugation

29
Q

bacterial properties on plasmids are

A

fertility
drug resistance
virulence
production of antimicrobial
production of bacteriocins

30
Q

large groups of genes that cause pathogenicity located in chromosomes

A

pathogeneicity islands

31
Q

what are pathogeneicity islands size

A

10 to 200 kbp

32
Q

changes in bacterial characters due to underlying genetic changes

A

genotype

33
Q

changes in bacterial charcters under influence of the environment with no change genetic compustion

A

phenotype

34
Q

mutation
gene transfer
1- transformation
2- conjugation
3- transduction
are examples of what /

A

examples for genotypic variations

35
Q

permanent and heritable

A

genotypic

36
Q

non heritable and reversible

A

phenotyoic

37
Q

change s in bases sequence of DNA result in insertion of different amino acids

A

mutation

38
Q

the resultant of mutation

A

changing in protein product if the affected gene heritable and irreversable

39
Q

x rays ,ultraviolet, and alkyl agents

A

mutagenic agents

40
Q

molecular changes that causes mutations

A

base substitution
insertion
deletion
frames shift mutation

41
Q

recombination of 2 genetically different DNA from bacterial (recipient) to cell donor

A

gene transfer

42
Q

gene transfer methods

A

transformation
transduction
conjugation

43
Q

what are method of transformation

A

in nature dying bacteria release their DNA which are may be taken up by another bacteria
- in laboratry by exteracted DNA and introduced genetically to different bacteria by CaCl and heat shook

44
Q

fragments of DNA transfered to another bacterium by bacteriophage

A

transduction

45
Q

types of generalized transduction

A

lytic phages

46
Q

in what cycle the generalized transduction occur

A

lytic

47
Q

the mechanism of generalized transduction is.

A

Error in assembly

48
Q

the genes in generalized transduction

A

any gene chromosomal or plasmids

49
Q

in what cycle
specialized transduction

A

temperate lysogenic
the one that the bacterophage on

50
Q

in what cycle specialized transduction occur

A

lysogenic

51
Q

what is the mechanism of specialized transduction

A

error in excision

52
Q

what is the genes associated with specialized transduction

A

chromosomal genes next to site of insertion of prophage

53
Q

meeting of 2 bacterial cells of the same or different species the DNA transferred from a donor to recipient

A

conjugation

54
Q

what cause insertion mutation

A

transposon

55
Q

define transposons

A

non replicating gene that move readily within or between the DNAs of bacteria ,plasmids ,and bacteriohage

microbiology (9 decks)

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