Chronic Endocrine Conditions Flashcards
Role of the Thyroid Gland?
- Secretes T3, T4 and PTH
- Primary Function: To increase metabolism and protein synthesis
Hyperthyroid Treatment
- Anti-thyroid Drugs: Hormone antagonist acting on thyroid gland
- Radioactive Iodine: Thyroid cells absorb iodine
- Surgery: Thyroidectomy
Effects of Hyperthyroidism
- Insomnia
- Heat intolerance
- Weight loss
Effects of Hypothyroidism
- Fatigue
- Cold intolerance
- Weight gain
Hypothyroidism Treatment
- HRT: Levothyroxine
Causes of Hyperthyroidism
- Graves Disease
- Nodular Thyroid Disease
- Excessive iodine
Causes of Hypothyroidism
- Autoimmune Disease
- Thyroid surgery
- Radiation therapy
What is Cushing’s Syndrome? What are the clinical manifestations?
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex produces excessive amounts of circulating cortisol or ACTH
Clinical Manifestations: Skin ulcers, cardiac hypertrophy and obesity
What is Addison’s Disease? What are the clinical manifestations?
Resulting in severe cortisol insufficiency and decreased aldosterone
Clinical Manifestations: Weight loss, fatigue, hypotension
What are the 3 Types of Diabetes?
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Gestational
How does Type 1 DM develop, present? And how do you treat it?
Development: Pancreatic beta cell destruction -> reduced endogenous insulin production
Presentation: Weight loss, Polyuria, Fruity Breath
Treatment: Insulin/Hypoglycaemics, Diet, Exercise
How does Type 2 DM develop, present? And how do you treat it?
Development: Insulin Resistance
Presentation: Polyuria, Polyphagia, Polydipsia
Treatment: Diet, Insulin/Metformin, Exercise
How does Gestational DM develop, present? And how do you treat it?
Development: Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction during pregnancy
Presentation: Polyuria, Fatigue, Weight Loss
Treatment: Frequent BGLs, Insulin, Diet
Life adjustments and medication considerations for Diabetic patients
Life Adjustments: Diet, Exercise
Medication Consideration: Metformin, Sulphonylureas
Role of insulin in diabetic patients
Regulates energy supply by balancing micronutrient levels during fed state