1.2 Carbohydrates

Question 1

Define what a monosaccharide is, and give three examples

Answer 1

Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. Three examples are: glucose, galactose and fructose

Question 2

What type of bond forms between two monosaccharides?

Answer 2

A condensation reaction between two monosaccharides forms a glycosidic bond

Question 3

Define what a disaccharide is, and give three examples

Answer 3

Disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined together in a condensation reaction. Three examples are: maltose, lactose and sucrose

Question 4

What two monomers join together to make the disaccharide Maltose?

Answer 4

Two glucose molecules

Question 5

What two monomers join together to make the disaccharide Sucrose?

Answer 5

Glucose and fructose

Question 6

What two monomers join together to make the disaccharide Lactose?

Answer 6

Glucose and galactose

Question 7

Glucose has two isomers, α-glucose and β-glucose. What are there structures?

Answer 7

α-glucose molecule ends with: H-OH
β-glucose molecule ends with: OH-H

Question 8

Define what a polysaccharide is, and give three examples

Answer 8

Polysaccharides are long carbohydrate molecules formed by the condensation of many glucose units. Three examples are: Cellulose, Glycogen and Starch

Question 9

Which polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of α-glucose?

Answer 9

Starch and Glycogen

Question 10

Which polysaccharides are formed by the condensation of β-glucose?

Answer 10

Cellulose