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Midterm > 12 and 13 > Flashcards

12 and 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Pain receptor called?

A

nociceptors

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2
Q

Gustation

A

Taste

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3
Q

What type of cells are taste receptors?

A

Epithelial cells

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4
Q

Where do taste sensory signals go to?

A

Thalamus

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5
Q

What sense bipolar neurons?

A

olfactory

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6
Q

Olfactory info sent to:

A

Olfactory cortex (Temporal)
Prefrontal Cortex (Taste area)
Hippocampus (Memory)
Amygdala (Emotion)

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7
Q

Equilibrium Sense where:

A

Vestibular Apparatus
(Semicircular canals)
(Otolith organ)

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8
Q

Endolymph

A

fluid in membranous labyrinth

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9
Q

Perilymph

A

fluid between bony & membranous labyrinths

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10
Q

Otolith organ

A

Provides info about linear acceleration

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11
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Provides info about rotational acceleration

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12
Q

Utricle

A

Sensitive to horizontal acceleration

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13
Q

Saccule

A

Sensitive to vertical motion

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14
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary oscillations of eyes after you abruptly stop spinning

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15
Q

Vertigo

A

Loss of equilibrium, dizziness

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16
Q

Stapedius muscle

A

Pulls on stapes

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17
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Can open to equalize pressure

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18
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increase pressure due to inadequate drainage of aqueous humor

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19
Q

Accommodation

A

ability of eye to focus on objects at variable distances from the eye

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20
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of accommodation with age
Reduced flexibility of lens
Can’t get as round

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21
Q

Distant objects, lens is

A

Thin

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22
Q

Close objects, lens is

A

Round

23
Q

Presbyopia “cure”

A

bifocals

24
Q

cataracts

A

Cloudy vision
Damage causes crystalline proteins of lens to aggregate

25
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness
Distant objects blurry
Eyeball too long

26
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsighted
Poor Near Vision
Eyeball too short

27
Q

Astigmatism

A

Uneven curvature of cornea/lens

28
Q

5 categories of taste

A

Salty, sour, bitter, sweet, umami

29
Q

Where are olfactory receptors

A

olfactory epithelium

30
Q

What is the role of calcium carbonate crystals

A

They shift with movement causing shearing force between membrane and hair cell

31
Q

Vision decussation where?

A

Optic chiasma

32
Q

What is the dark current

A

In dark:
N+ enters cell
Photoreceptor releases inhibitory NT
Bipolar cell can’t fire
Ganglionic cell can’t fire
No info to brain

33
Q

Which has more sensitivity vs acuity?

A

Rods more sensitive
Cones more acuity

34
Q

Brain Split with vision

A

Left Field, right brain
Right Field, left brain

35
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane

36
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane

37
Q

T Tubules

A

Carry Action Potential

38
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Modified ER
Terminal cisternae - stores and releases Ca2+

39
Q

Myofibril

A

Bundles of protein filaments

40
Q

Sarcomere

A

Functional Unit
Z-disc to Z-disc

41
Q

I-Band

A

Part where there isn’t myosin

42
Q

A-Band

A

Part where there is myosin

43
Q

H-band

A

Gap between actins

44
Q

Troponin

A

Ca binding protein
Moves Tropomyosin

45
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Covers myosin binding site on actin

46
Q

Thin filament

A

Actin

47
Q

Titan

A

Structural “Spring” protein

48
Q

Calmodulin

A

Present in smooth muscle

49
Q

Hemoglobin

A

O2 carrying molecule in red blood cells

50
Q

Myoglobin

A

O2 carrying molecule in skeletal muscle

51
Q

Slow twitch

A

Aerobic, lots of mitochondria

52
Q

fast twitch

A

anaerobic, few mitochondria, many glycolytic enzymes

53
Q
A

Midterm (3 decks)

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