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Biology > 1.1 - Monomers and polymers > Flashcards

1.1 - Monomers and polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

What are monomers?

A

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made

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2
Q

What are polymers?

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers (repeating units) joined together

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3
Q

Give three examples of monomers

A

Monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides

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4
Q

Define condensation reaction

A

When two molecules join together with the formation of a chemical bond and the elimination of a water molecule

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5
Q

Define hydrolysis reaction

A

When a chemical bond is broken between two molecules with the use of a water molecule

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6
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Monomer from which larger carbohydrates are made

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7
Q

Give 3 examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, galactose, fructose

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8
Q

Type of bond formed by the condensation of two monosaccharides

A

Glycosidic bond

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9
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

From the condensation of two monosaccharides

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10
Q

Give 3 examples of disaccharides

A

Maltose, sucrose, lactose

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11
Q

What is maltose made up of?

A

Two glucose molecules

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12
Q

What is sucrose made up of?

A

A glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

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13
Q

What is lactose made up of?

A

A glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

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14
Q

Name the 2 isomers of glucose

A

Alpha glucose and beta glucose

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15
Q

Give the structures of alpha and beta glucose

A
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16
Q

How are polysaccharides formed?

A

From the condensation of many glucose units

17
Q

Which type of glucose are glycogen and starch made up of?

A

Alpha glucose

18
Q

Which type of glucose is cellulose made up of?

A

Beta glucose

19
Q

Give the structure and function of glycogen

A
20
Q

Give the structure and function of starch

A

Insoluble, so doesn’t affect water potential
Branched, so makes molecule compact
Polymer of glucose so provides glucose for respiration
Branched for fast enzyme action
Large, so can’t cross cell membrane

21
Q

Give the structure and function of cellulose

A
22
Q

Describe the biochemical test for a reducing sugar

A
23
Q

Describe the biochemical test for a non-reducing sugar

A

Heat with acid and neutralise
Heat with Benedict’s solution
Red precipitate

24
Q

Describe the biochemical test for starch

A

Biology (37 decks)

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