102 USMC History Flashcards
The Marine corps was created on
10 NOV 1775, in TUN tavern Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by a resolution of Congress. Capt Samuel Nicholas raised two battalions.
1st Commandant of the USMC
Capt Samuel Nicholas
What year did the USMC fall under the Dept of the Navy?
1834
What year was the national security act created?
1947
What year was the national security Act of 1947 amended?
1952, to present
What year was the first Marine beach landing?
1776
What was the uniform of the day in 1776?
A thick leather stock worn around the neck, “leatherneck”
Where was the first beach landing?
New Providence island, Bahamas. Marines seized guns and supplies.
What happened in 1805?
Marines stormed the barbary pirates strong hold at Burma, “on the shores of Tripoli”. Marines raised the stars and strips for the first time in the Eastern hemisphere
What happened in 1847?
During the Mexican war, Marines occupied the Halls of Montezuma” during the battle of Chupultpec In Mexico City. The royal palace fell to invading Marines whom were the first to enter the capital. Marines also help take California.
What happened in 1859?
Under the command of Col Robert E Lee (USArmy) Marines stormed the United States arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to out down an attempted slave revolt. Led by abolishist John Brown
What happened in 1868?
Marines adopted the EGA, by 7th Commandant Brigadier General Jacob Zeilen whom modified the British Marine emblem to depict Marines as both American and Maritime.
What does the eagle, globe, and anchor represent?
The eagle represents the nation itself, the globe represents worldwide service, the anchor represents sea traditions.
What happened in 1883?
The motto of the Marine corps was established. “Semper Fidelis” Always faithful was created. Also commonly known as Semper Fi.
What happened in 1900?
In support of forgein policy. Marines for ships in the Asiatic station defended the American legation in Peking, China during the Chinese boxer rebellion.
What happened in 1913?
The Marine corps aviation was established, Major Alfred A Cunningham was the first USMC pilot.
Who was the first USMC pilot?
Major Alfred A Cunningham
What happened in 1917?
Marines landed as part of the American force in France. They participated in 8 destinct operations, and we’re awarded a number of decerations. One being the French fourragere still worn by the 5th and 6th Marines.
In 1917, Marines participated in how many distinct operations?
8
Whom still wears the French fourragere?
The 5th and 6th marinea
What happened in 1933?
The Marines corps was reorganized into the Fleet Marine Force. Established the command and administration relations between the Fleet and the Corps. The Marine corps board was established in Quantico,VA. Marines began testing and devopling new materials for landing operations.
Where was the Marine equipment board established?
Quantico, VA
What happened in 1965?
Marines entered the longest war, the participated in long scale offenses. And also participated in a pacification campginan to win the hearts and minds on the people. They also stop a coup in the Donovan reblic
Marines deployed to Lebanon as part of a multinational peacekeeping force in…?
1982
What is important about 23 OCTOBER 1983
A suicide truck bomb attack on the HQ building killed 241 Americans and wounded 70 others
When did the last Marine unit withdraw from Lebanon?
JUL of 1984
Operation Desert Storm launched in?
January of 1991
Operation Enduring freedom launched in?
2001
Operation Enduring freedom was under the umbrella of the ?
Global war on terrorism (GWOT)
When did early combat operations occur for operation Enduring freedom?
7 OCTOBER 2001
The invasion of IRAQ happened from # to #?
20 MARCH to 1 MAY 2003
The first battle of Fallujah was codenamed?
Operation Vigilant Resolve
During the first battle of Fallujah when was the unsuccessful attempt to capture the city made?
APRIL 2004
What are the code names of the Second battle of Fallujah?
Operation Al-Fajr and Operation Phantom Fury
Al-Fajr is Arabic meaning?
the dawn
The second battle of Fallujah happened from # to #?
November to December 2004
What was significant about the Battle of Belleu Wood?
Marines fought their greatest battle in history during WW1 in France. Marines crushed the German offensive attacking Paris.
German Intel during the battle of Belleu Wood, classified Marines as?
Storm Troops, the highest rating on the enemy fighting scale
Due to the Marines ferocious fighting ability German troops nick named the Marines? Meaning what?
Teufelhuden, Devil Dogs
The Battle of Guadalcanal happened on?
7 AUGUST 1942
What Marine Division landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands launching the US first offensive during ww2
1st MARDIV
What battle marked the first combat test for the new amphibious doctrine?
The battle of Guadalcanal
Amphibious landings followed on the remaining Solomon islands to include?
New Georgia, Choiseul (FEINT) and Bougainville
What Islands were the first in line of advance for the offensive in the central pacific during the Battle of Tarawa?
The Gilbert Islands
The primary objective of Tarawa Atoll and Beito Island which had been fortified, what did the Japanese commander proclaim?
“It would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer it.”
When and how long did it take Marines during the Battle of Tarawa to complete their objective?
20 NOVEMBER 1943 and 96 hours
Why did Marines take heavy loses during the battle of Tarawa?
Because of the extended reef, landing craft couldn’t make it to the beaches. Marines were off loaded hundreds of yards from shore. Many Marines were killed from heavy enemy fire and drowning.
Due to the need for Airfields by the Air force and advanced Navy bases. The battle of Mariana islands was launched, what are the islands?
Saipan, Guam, and Tinian
When did Lt. General Holland M. Smith lead a combined force of 136000 troops?
June and July of 1943
When did the battle of Iwo Jima occur?
19 February 1945
The Marine corps lost how many casualties during their bloodiest and largest all marine battle in history?
23,300
ADM Chester W. Nimitz quote about the savage battle of Iwo Jima?
“Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was common virtue.”
When did the Battle of Chosin Reservoir occur?
November 1950
When Marines were cut off by 10 Communist Chinese
Forces Divisions sent to annihilate the Americans, how many divisions did the Marines Smash?
seven Divisions
What was the major significance of the battle of Chosin reservoir?
marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and maintained tactical integrity
The Battle of Hue City happened on what Vietnamese Holiday?
TET
When did communist forces attack Hue city?
January of 1968
During the Battle of Hue city, fighting was done house to house and measured by yards, when did the Marines secure the city?
25 February 1968
