10 - WINTER OPERATIONS Flashcards
Ground Icing Conditions
- Active Frost
While active frost is included in the definition of ground icing conditions, Flight Crew should disregard frost conditions when determining single engine taxi and AOM engine run-up requirements.
Active frost conditions can only be determined by CSI. The CSI should be conducted as close as possible to pushback. The “Dew Point and Frost Point” table should be used to enhance situational awareness.
10.2.2
10.3.6
Exceptions to CARs Clean Aircraft Requirements
- A coating of frost up to 1/8″ thick is permitted on wing lower surfaces in the area cold-soaked by fuel.
- Cold dry snow or ice crystals lying overtop of a cold dry, otherwise clean wing.
- Thin coating of frost or trace of snow is permitted on the fuselage.
10.2.4
Pre-Flight Critical Surface Inspection (CSI)
- Requirements
This inspection is mandatory prior to flight when the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) is at or below 10°C, regardless of the presence of ground icing conditions or visible moisture.
10.2.5.1
Rain on Cold-Soaked Wing
- Clear Ice
WARNING:
If a tactile inspection reveals clear ice, then anti-icing fluid (Type II, III, or IV) is mandatory for take-off in rain on a cold-soaked wing conditions.
10.2.5.9
Residual Fluid on Aircraft
Unfrozen de-icing and/or anti-icing fluids are acceptable and can be disregarded as a contaminant to the critical surfaces.
However, if a tactile inspection reveals the fluid is frozen, the Flight Crew shall have the contaminant removed prior to take-off.
10.2.5.10
Single Truck Operations
Due to the increased fuel burn, single truck de-icing is normally conducted with Engines OFF.
A PDI by a flight crew member is required for all single truck operations. (Including where de-icing is initiated with two or more trucks and completed with one truck)
10.4.3
Post De-Icing Inspection (PDI)
- Requirements
A supporting PDI shall be completed by an operating flight crew member immediately following the completion of de-icing when any of the following conditions exist:
- The aircraft is de-iced using one truck;
- Where de-icing is initiated with two or more trucks and completed with one truck;
- Unless otherwise specified via Company NOTAM, the aircraft is de-iced outside of North America;
- There is doubt as to the effectiveness of the de-icing application or procedure.
10.4.6
Pre-Take-off Contamination Inspection (PCI)
- Requirements
A PCI is required when:
- HOTDR or AC EHOT issues a “PCI is Mandatory” message.
- HOTDR – METAR or AC EHOT lower limit time is exceeded.
- Critical surface contamination is suspected during taxi.
- Concerns are raised by cabin crew member or a passenger.
The Pilot-in-Command, or delegated flight crew member, shall speak directly to the individual raising the concern for contamination of the aircraft.
10.4.7
PCI Requirements
- PDI Completed
A PCI is not required when the take-off is conducted within five minutes following a PDI.
10.4.7.3
Emergencies during De-Icing
Emergencies shall be signaled to ground service equipment during spray operations by turning on all exterior lights (wide body aircraft shall use all exterior lights except for landing lights).
Turning on all lights does not preclude the requirement for standard emergency calls which shall be made on the appropriate frequency.
10.4.9
Ice Pellet and Small Hail Allowance Time Exceedance
A PCI shall not be used to extend any allowance time.
If the precipitation condition stops at, or before, the time limit of the applicable allowance time and does not restart, the aircraft may take off up to 90 minutes after the start of the application of the Type IV anti-icing fluid. However, the OAT must not decrease during the 90-minute period.
10.5.6
Reassessment of Holdover Times
- Improving weather conditions – if the precipitation intensity decreases, the original HOT should be retained
- Worsening weather conditions – if the precipitation intensity increases, a new HOT should be obtained.
Where more than one HOTDR is received after de-icing, the most limiting HOTDR should be used.
10.5.7.1
Hail, Moderate to Heavy Freezing Rain
or Heavy Ice Pellets
- HOT Message
A “TAKE-OFF NOT AUTHORIZED” message will be issued.
If message received before or during de-icing and/or anti-icing:
De-icing and/or anti-icing shall be delayed/stopped until conditions improve.
If message received after de-icing and/or anti-icing:
It is permissible to conduct a PCI and continue operations, if:
* Aircraft was treated with Type IV fluid at 100% concentration; and
* A TAKE-OFF NOT AUTHORIZED message is no longer being issued.
10.5.8
Heavy Snow Conditions
Operations in heavy snow conditions are permitted under the following conditions:
- Use of Type IV fluid at 100% concentration is mandatory; and
- A HOT is required. This HOT is considered limiting and a PCI shall not be used to extend beyond that HOT.
10.5.9
Heavy Snow Precipitation Rate Exceeded Message
If message is received before or during de-icing and/or anti-icing:
De-icing and/or anti-icing shall be delayed/stopped until conditions improve.
If message is received after de-icing and/or anti-icing:
Flight Crew shall return to have the aircraft de-iced and/or anti-iced once conditions improve.
10.5.9.1
