10/14 Lecture

Question 1

BUDDING

Answer 1

Process whereby a virus pushes through an animal cell plasma membrane, capturing part of the membrane in the process. XXX produces the viral envelope.

Question 2

MESSENGER RNA

Answer 2

A segment of RNA that encodes a single protein.

Question 3

GENE

Answer 3

A segment of DNA that encodes a single protein.

Question 4

TRANSLATION

Answer 4

The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of “language” from nucleotides to amino acids.

Question 5

TRANSCRIPTION

Answer 5

The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.

Question 6

VIRAL GLYCOPROTEINS

Answer 6

Spike proteins, encoded by mRNA.

Question 7

CRISPR/CAS9

Answer 7

New gnome editing technology.

Question 8

ZIKA VIRUS

Answer 8

a reduction in size of the brain & skull in babies. (MICROCEPHALY)

Question 9

ZIKA VIRUS TRANSMITTION (SPREAD BY)

Answer 9

• mosquitos
• sexual
• vertical
• blood transfusion

Question 10

OXITEC

Answer 10

genetically engineered a “self destruct” gene in mosquitos.

Question 11

“SELF DESTRUCT” GENE

Answer 11

males would mate with females; offspring would die before adulthood.

Question 12

THE EXTINCTION INVENTION

Answer 12

A genetic technology that can kill off mosquitos species could eradicate malaria. But is it too risky to ever use? Ecosystem?

Question 13

CRISPR/CAS9 GENE EDITING TOOL

Answer 13

• derived from an adaptive system immune bacteria.

- use by bacteria to fight off repeat attacks of plagues.

Question 14

COMPONENTS OF CRIPR

Answer 14

• CAS 9 nuclease: enzyme that cuts DNA

- guide RNA: allows Cas 9 to recognize vital DNA.

Question 15

CRISPR Step 1

Answer 15

bacteria carry bacteriophage DNA from prior infection

Question 16

CRISPR Step 2

Answer 16

Bacteriophage DNA segment is transcribed to become a guide RNA

Question 17

CRISPR Step 3

Answer 17

Guide RNA and CAS9 nuclease assemble

Question 18

CRISPR Step 4

Answer 18

Bacterium infected by another bacteriophage

Question 19

CRISPR Step 5

Answer 19

Guide RNA & CAS9 nuclease find bacteriophage DNA and destroy it.

Question 20

CRISPR Step 6

Answer 20

Bacterium is protected from the virus attack

Question 21

Genome Editing w/CRISPR

“knock out”

Answer 21

Enzyme is guided to complimentary DNA sequence. DNA is cut and can be replaced, replicated, edited, or removed.

Question 22

DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Answer 22

is caused by a recessive mutation in Dystrophin.