1) Energy Flashcards
State the 8 different forms of energy.
Electrical energy, kinetic energy, light energy, potential energy (chemical, elastic, gravitational), sound energy, and thermal energy
How is thermal energy transferred?
Thermal energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature until both regions reach the same temperature.
Define the principle of conservation of energy.
The principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
What is the relationship between power, energy, and time? (aka the formula for power)
Power = Energy / Time taken.
Describe the energy conversions involved in the generation of electricity in fossil fuel power stations.
Fossil fuel is burned to produce heat, which converts water into steam, driving turbines to turn generators to produce electricity.
Explain the purpose of transmitting electricity through a grid of high voltage transmission lines.
Electricity is transmitted at high voltages to reduce energy loss during long-distance transportation.
Describe the role of step-up and step-down transformers in the transmission of electricity and electrical appliances.
Step-up transformers increase voltage for efficient long-distance transmission, while step-down transformers decrease voltage for safe use in appliances.
State the key concept related to solving problems using the principle of conservation of energy.
Applying the principle of conservation of energy involves ensuring that the total energy before a process equals the total energy after the process.
What is the material used to make the core of the transformer?
iron
What type of transformer is this?
Hint: Look at the input and output voltages
step-up transformer
What type of transformer is this?
Hint: Look at the input and output voltages
step-down transformer
State the energy conversion when a car speeds up on a level road.
chemical potential energy —> kinetic energy
chemical potential energy from the fuel and
kinetic energy from the movement of car
State the energy conversion when a wound-up spring toy bird produces a series of chirps.
elastic potential energy —> sound energy
elastic potential energy from the wound-up spring and
sound energy from the chirps
The burning of fuel produces 10 000 000 kJ of energy. But only 8 000 000 kJ of electrical energy is produced. Why is there a difference?
2 000 000 kJ of thermal energy is lost to the surrroundings.
The law of conservation of energy is always true. The total energy energy before and after a transformation must always be the same.
