1 - Donor accreditation

Question 1

What is the selection criteria for blood donors?

Answer 1

1. New donors: 16 - 65 y/o Repeat donors: 16 - 70 y/o 2. At least 50 kgs 3. Of adequate haemoglobin levels 120 g/l for females. 130 g/l for males. 4. In general good health determined by questionnaire. 5. Not pregnant or breastfeeding.

Question 2

List reasons for temporary and permanent donor deferral

Answer 2

-

Question 3

What is used as a non infectious test formed on blood donors to estimate haemoglobin levels?

Answer 3

Fingerprick

Question 4

Describe the NZ screening policies of ONE example from each of these organisms: parasitic protozoa, bacteria, viruses, and prions

Answer 4

• TABLE

Question 5

What are the five transfusion transmissible infections TTI that all donors must be tested for?

Answer 5

1. Syphilis 2. HBV 3. HCV 4. HIV 5. HTLV

Question 6

Immunocompromised patients require of donors to also be screened for what TTI?

Answer 6

CMV

Question 7

Name 4 disease-causing viruses other than HBV and WNV that can be transmitted by transfusion?

Answer 7

1. HCV 2. HIV1 3. HIV2 4. HTLV type 1

Question 8

Name 2 disease-causing bacteria that can be transmitted by transfusion

Answer 8

T. pallidum Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 9

Malaria, Chagas disease and Parvovirus B19 are all tested if the donor has what?

Answer 9

travelled overseas

Question 10

Why are donors who have had diarrhoea in the past month deferred?

Answer 10

Because donors may have diarrhoea caused by bacterial infection eg. by Yersinia enterocolitica

Question 11

What viruses does New Zealand not test for and does a test for them exist?

Answer 11

West nile virus and zika virus. Tests are abvailable

Question 12

What bacteria causes the condition syphilis? Describe three clinical manifestations of syphilis.

Answer 12

1) primary syphilis shows as a lesion called a chancre in the genital area after sexual contact with an infected person 2) this can then proceed to secondary and tertiary syphilis characterized by neurological involvement 3) if the bacteria T.pallidum passes from mother to foetus it can cause birth defects

Question 13

How long can T. pallidum (bacteria that causes syphillis) survive in refrigerated red cells?

Answer 13

It can survive in refrigerated stored red cells for up to 120 hours

Question 14

Write short notes on the following topics. it is worth 5 Marks -Hepatitis B -Hepatitis C -HIV -htlv -CMV -Malaria -yersinia enterocolitica -vCJD -West Nile virus -Arboviruses

Answer 14

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Question 15

State two reasons why it has been difficult to develop an assay to screen donors for variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (vCJD) 2 marks

Answer 15

• Because prions do not have detectable nucleic acids NAT (nucleic acid testing) is therefore not possible. - There is a lack of specificity between normal human prion (PrPC) and diseased prion (PrPSc) which the assay cannot detect.

Question 16

Describe and justify New Zealand policy for minimizing the risk of transmitting West Nile Virus (WNV) by blood donation

Answer 16

-

Question 17

Briefly describe the difference between serological testing and DNA / RNA testing

Answer 17

-

Question 18

Choose from the following infections: Hepatitis B, HIV, HCV, CMV, malaria. Describe 1 current testing method for screening for your chosen infectious agent in donated blood. You may use diagrams in your answer

Answer 18

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Question 19

Fully describe one current testing method for detecting Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV 1 and 2) in donated blood. You may use diagrams in your answer. 15 marks

Answer 19

-

Question 20

Fill in the table

Answer 20