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MEH > 1) Alcohol Metabolism & Oxidative Stress > Flashcards

1) Alcohol Metabolism & Oxidative Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Which organism metabolises alcohol?

A

Liver

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2
Q

Roughly how muc alcohol is metabolised?

A

> 90%

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3
Q

How is non-mteabolised alcohol removed from the body?

A

In your urine

Through your breath

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4
Q

What enzyme oxidises alcohol?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

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5
Q

What is formed when alcohol is oxidised?

A

Acetaldehyde

NADH

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6
Q

What enzyme oxidises acetaldehyde?

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

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7
Q

What is formed when acetaldehyde is oxidised?

A

Acetate

NADH

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8
Q

What is acetate converted to?

A

Acetyl-CoA

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9
Q

What enzyme can oxidise smaller amounts of alcohol?

A

Cytochrome P450 2E1

Catalase (in brain)

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10
Q

What is the recommended maximum alcohol intake?

A

14 units per week spread over a minimum of 3 days

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11
Q

What is the rate of alcohol metabolism?

A

7g per hour

Zero order kinetics - rate of alcohol metabolism remains constant even if more alcohol is consumed

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12
Q

How does liver damage occur due to alcohol?

A

causes acetaldehyde to accumulate
causes a build up of fatty deposits
causes liver cirrhosis

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13
Q

Does aldehyde dehydrogenase have a high or low Km for acetaldehyde?

A

Low Km - reacts quickly/readily with acetaldehyde to keep it at a low level

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14
Q

What is disulfiram used for?

A

Treatment of chronic alcohol dependence

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15
Q

How does disulfiram work?

A

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase causing a build up in acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde causes the symptoms of a ‘hangover’, so disulfiram causes people to associate alcohol with being sick s

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16
Q

What is oxidative stress?

A

A disturbance in the balance between cell defences (Antioxidants) and cell damage (ROS & RNS)

17
Q

What are free radicals?

A

An atom or molecule taht contains one or more unpaired electrons and is capable of independent existence

18
Q

How do radicals cause damage?

A

Free radicals are very reactive and aquire electrons from other atoms, molecules or ions, which typically generates another radical

19
Q

What is the structure of oxygen in terms of unpaired electrons?

A

Biradical - 2 unpaired electrons in different orbits

20
Q

How does Superoxide form?

A

By adding another electron to molecular oxygen

21
Q

How does the ‘hangover’ feeling arise?

A

Acetaldehyde accumulation

Dehydration via ethanol as it inhibits ADH secretion

22
Q

How does alcohol metabolism produce energy?

A

Acetate can be converted into acetylene-CoA which can be metabolised in the TCA or used in fatty acid synthesis

23
Q

What causes a change in liver metabolism?

A

Excess NADH

Excess Acetyl-CoA

MEH (2 decks)

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