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Question 1

which part of the adrenal gland is associated with aldosterone

Answer 1

zona glomerulosa

Question 2

what part of adrenal gland is associated with cortisol

Answer 2

zona fasciculata

Question 3

what part of adrenal gland is associated with adrenal androgens

Answer 3

zona reticularis

Question 4

what are steroids synthesised from

Answer 4

cholesterol

Question 5

what is the rate limiting stem in steroidogenesis

Answer 5

the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone via pregnenolone synthase

Question 6

how many carbon atoms in a steroid structure

Answer 6

17

Question 7

what are the physiological actions of mieralcorticoids

Answer 7

water and electrolyte balance, increases serum sodium ( and bp)

Question 8

what are the physiological actions of glucocorticoids

Answer 8

anti-inflammatory, metabolic effects and immunosuppressive

Question 9

what are the physiological actions of adrenal androgens

Answer 9

maturation and development

Question 10

what % does transcortin bind cortisol

Answer 10

90%

Question 11

what % does transocrtin bind aldosterone

Answer 11

60%

Question 12

what does transcortin not bind

Answer 12

synthetic steroids

Question 13

what binding protein binds synthetic steroids

Answer 13

albumin

Question 14

how does cortisol control its release

Answer 14

it has a negative feedback mechanism on the hypothalamus to prevent corticotropin releasing hormone and on the anterior pituitary preventing adrenocorticotropic release

Question 15

moa of mineralocorticoids

Answer 15

cause sodium uptake leading to fluid reabsorption and potassium loss

Question 16

mineralocorticoids can cause

Answer 16

a rise in blood pressure

Question 17

what drug acts as a competitive inhibitors Mineralocorticoid receptors

Answer 17

spironolactone

Question 18

which synthetic steroid if the longest acting from short to long; betamethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone

Answer 18

H, P, B

Question 19

what synthetic steroid has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activity

Answer 19

prednisolone

Question 20

what ring in the synthetic steroid structure is essential for gc and mc

Answer 20

A

Question 21

what ring in the synthetic steroid structure is essential for mc

Answer 21

D C21 OH

Question 22

what ring in the synthetic stricture is essential for GC

Answer 22

C OH and D C17 OH

Question 23

give an example of a hypo function

Answer 23

Addison’s disease

Question 24

what are 3 symptoms of Addison’s disease

Answer 24

appetite loss, discolouration of skin, dehydration

Question 25

how to treat Addison’s

Answer 25

hydrocortisone (Gc)

Question 26

example of hyper function

Answer 26

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 27

pathogenesis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 27

an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone by anterior pituitary and no cortisol negative feedback.

Question 28

how to treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 28

betamethasone

Question 29

what is betamethasone

Answer 29

exogenous cortisol

Question 30

2 side effects of excessive glucocorticoid use

Answer 30

cushions syndrome, osteoporosis

Question 31

side effect of inhaled gc use

Answer 31

Candida albicans

Question 32

treatment of cushins

Answer 32

aminoglutethimide - inhibits pregnenelone synthase