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1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • SEE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN SALT MARSHES AND MUDDY BEACHES FOOD CHAINS
A
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2
Q

zonas do intertidal

A

supra
medio (sup e inf)
infra

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3
Q

o que define o supralitoral

A

so submerso em marés vivas
sem algas

com os 1os organismos marinhos - gastropodes e cracas

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4
Q

caract mediolitoral

A

o twice a day – submerged and merged
o dissection is not a problem
 upper - defined by the first seaweeds
 lower – seaweed – space is the most limitant factor
o some seaweeds are epizoic or epiphyte

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5
Q

caract infra

A

are not submerged in water (not = to subtidal)
o leafy macroalgea – algas frontosas
o rugulopteryx

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6
Q

todo o infra, medio e supralitoral fazem parte do intertidal

A

medio sim

outros não so a parte mais baixa do supra e + alta do infra

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7
Q

onde há mais humidade e sombra no intetidal rochoso

A

sheltered places: underrocks, pools, fendas

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8
Q

caract piscinas de mare

A

alta salinidade

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9
Q

zonations are based on in rocky intertidal

A

é a distriubuição dos animais ao longo das areas da costa definidos por diferentesfatores bioticos e abioticos

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10
Q

grupos funcionais in rocky intertidal

A
  • producers – algae, seagrass, diatoms, dinoflagellate
  • primary consumers– filter feeders (bivalves), deposit feeders (crabs) and grazers (limpets, gastropods, seaurchins)
  • carnivores (fish, birds, gastropods)
  • omnivores (crabs, birds, ligia – isopod)
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11
Q

responses to fight desiccation in rocky intertidal

A

mucus,

shells (tall = small opening = - water loss), skeleton, adaptation of losing 90% of water

realive when tide comes up;

usage of operculum, store water in gill chamber ….

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12
Q

responses to temperature in rocky intertidal

A

conchas lisas e escuras = menos reflexão da luz = + calor
conchas brancas e com ornamentos = - temp

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13
Q

responses to freezing in rocky intertidal

A

increase concentration os salts in the remaining = higher freezing point but also have anitfreezing substances

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14
Q

responses to exposure in rocky intertidal

A

heavy shells = - wave impact
escape – by mov
flat profile = - wave action affects them
burry in holes in rocks
mucilage and calcareous structure = + resistance

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15
Q

agents of disturbance in rocky intertidal

A
  • stroms = + waves
  • rock mov
  • tectonic mov
  • aerial exposure = when rocks move, the under side of rocks that were sheltered are exposed
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16
Q

zonas mar

A

supralitoral
intertidal (metade supra, todo medio e metade infralitoral)
infralitoral

(max maré baixa)

circalittoral (até fim da zona fotica - 200m e fim plataf continetal)

batial
abissal
hadal

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17
Q

sufixos dependendo zonas do mar a que nos referimos

A

-pelagico = coluna agua
-al = bentica/ neritica

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18
Q

onde acaba a zona neritica

A

fim circalitoral

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19
Q

larvas plantonica para se estabelecer dependem de

A

correntes
temperatura
sedimentos
profundidade
salinidade

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20
Q

caract ambientais grutas

A

paredes = mt area de supreficie para colonização de animais sesseis/ incrustantes
gradiente de o2, temp, oxigénio, luz (quanto mais dentro da gruta, menor)

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21
Q

caract organismos grutas

A

sem olhos
nao fotossinteticos (sem luz)
parecidos com deepsea
pouco conhecidos
arcaicos
sem mov rapidos
repredução nao sexuada

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22
Q

ex org caves

A

Bryozoa
poliquetas
esponjas
Anthozoa
ascídias

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23
Q

anquialinas

A

lagoas/poças em terra com ligação ao mar subterraneas
calcario ou vulcanicas

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24
Q

animais que se escondem am grutas

A

lagostas
moreias
enguias

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25
Q

are animals specific to 1 or more caves

A

some are widespread due to the ancient connection of all oceans

some are specific to 1 cave

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26
Q

zonas circalitoral e caract

A

sup - algas, fauna e corais

inf - só aniamais (n ha luz suf para algas)

profundo - black corals

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27
Q

macroalgas -reinos e filos

A

plantas:
- clorofita
- rodofita

cromista
- ochophyta

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28
Q

ex de algas de cada filo

A

cromista - ulva
rodofita - prophyra

ochophyta - colpomenia

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29
Q

producers in rocky shroes

A

macroalgae – mainly (different from sandy beaches)

microalgae – create a biofilm; also contribute to main production

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30
Q

macroalg cract and anatomy

A

o no vascular system;
o no specialized organs or tissues (only for reproduction)
o type and concentration of pigments define what wave lengths they absorb

talo/frond
lamina = folha
rizoma - attachment

31
Q

tipos talos macroalgas

A
  • filamentosa
  • crostosa – calcareous
  • sifonal – utricules
  • laminar
  • vesicular – with water = good to fight desiccation
  • tubular
32
Q

which are the green algae and cract e ex

A

clorofitas

macro and microalgas
 colonies and filaments
 high importance in trophic chain
 chlorophyll a b and carotenes
 cellulose in cell wall

ex:
* ulva

33
Q

which are the red algae and cract e ex

A

rodofitas

 multiple morphologies filamets…
 tropical seas
 also, in depth
 important for reefs
 clorophyll a,d phyco- erythtrin and cobilins
 agar+ cellulose + carrageenan in cell wall
 ex
* prophyra/pyropia – midlitoral zone; flat body;

34
Q

which are the brown algae and cract e ex

A

ochrophyta

 multicell
 no micro
 clorophyll a and c carotenes and zanthophylls
 cellulose and alginic acid
 ex:
* fucus spiralis
* colpomenia

35
Q

tipos reprodução

A

sex
o Isogamy
o Anisogamy
o Oogamy

asex
o vegetative propagation
o spores

36
Q

o Isogamy

A

mobile - yes
equal (male e fem) - YES

37
Q

o Anisogamy

A

mobile - yes
equal (male e fem) - NO

Ulva

38
Q

Oogamy

A

mobile - NO
equal (male e fem) - NO

prophyra

39
Q

types of spores

A

 tetraspores/decussately/zonates/cruciate/tetra in red algae (multiple compartments)
 unangia/unilocular sporangia in brown (single compartment)
Life cycles:

40
Q

macroalgae life cycles

A
  • iso – 1 morphology in 2 phases
  • heteromorphic – gametophyte (prostate morphology) different from sporophyte (erect morphology)
41
Q

erect and prostate morphology algae

A

prostate - gametofito - parte respondavel pela reprod

erect - que cresce para cima - resp rep asex (esporos)

42
Q

usages for humans:

A
  • food – agar, sushi, preserve fruits …
  • pharmacy – atibact and fungi…
  • lab
  • cosmetics and hygiene
43
Q

what are maerls beds

A

calacreous seaweeds

44
Q

caract maerl

A

free living; unattached on sediments

non-geniculate

grow around a rock (with a rock core)

45
Q

corallina are:

A

rodofitas
geniculadas - have segments that are calcareous areas and linking these has a space not calcified: genicula)

46
Q

outro nome para maerl

A

rodolitos/ coralinaceas

47
Q

diferenças coralinaceas e rodolitos

A

coralinaceas sao mortos ou vivas

as outras (rodo e maerl) so vivas

48
Q

organismos que vivem em maerl beds
ecological roles

A

polvos
peixes
estrelas do mar
macroalgas

prod prim
nurseries
proteção de juvenis

49
Q

ex mearl

A

phymatolithon

lithothamnion

50
Q

fatores abioticos maerl

A

poluição
claridade agua
hidrodinam = + sedimentos coluna agua =turbidez MAS tb + mov agua = + tamanho maerl e - epifiticos
tamanho da pedra
o2 é fator lim
eutrofização
climate change

51
Q

usos e perigo maerl

A

n renovavel

suplementos
melhorar qualidade agua
medicina
cosmetica

52
Q

zona tidal maerl

A

subtidal

53
Q

Morfologias estudarmos

A

Plano
Afogado -com vale de rio

Com uma barra

Fjord - regressão gelo

Tectonico -falhas no

54
Q

Tipos mistura água

A

Cunha (-mix)

Parcialmente estratificado - turbulento

Vertical estrat- good mix

Fjord (no mix)

55
Q

Euraliano e estenohalino

A
56
Q

Organismos conformistas e reguladores

A

Adaptação a diferentes salinidades

Conformistas - invertebrados - pepino

57
Q

Nutrientes limi

A

Nitrogen phosphate

58
Q

Classificação dos estuários depende

A

Fooculacao
Coriolis
Season
Sal
Circulation and stratification
Geography
Salt/ sweet water

59
Q

Caract mares estuda rios

A

Delay

60
Q

Anadromous
Anfi
Cata

A

Ana - rep rio - salmon

Anfi - rep mar

Cata- nasce e morre rio (cresce mar)

61
Q

A volta do estudarmos há

A

Sapais e praias vasosas

62
Q

Sedimentos pequenos e ordem tamanho

A

areia>vasa> limo> argila

63
Q

+ hidrodinâmica

A

+ turbidez

  • epifania
64
Q

Zonas praias ludosas

A

Castanho

Cinzento

Preto

65
Q

Zona castanha

A

+ o2
- sulfeto hidrogénio

+Eh (potencial redox)

66
Q

Quanto mais o2 há mais ou menos potencial redox

A

Mais

67
Q

Rpd

A

Redox potential discontinuity

68
Q

Cinzento

A

-o2
- sulfeto hidrog

-eh

69
Q

Mais mat org =

A

-o2

70
Q

Preto

A

Sem o2
+ sulfeto hidrog

71
Q

Upper intertidal

A

Crustáceos e anfipodss

72
Q

Biodisturbios

A
73
Q

Plantas e adaptações sapais e mangais

A

Sapais - salicornia, limonium, juncus
Aerenquima, glad Sal, armaz hidrat carb,lenhina, + estomas, fina cutícula, acumula metais pesados

Mangais - pneumatoforos e raízes aéreas

2BC (1 decks)

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