1

Question 1

coined the term “cell”

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

first to observe eukaryotic cells/discovered cells

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

handmade microscope

Answer 3

Robert Hooke

Question 4

discovered bacteria

Answer 4

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 5

examined pond water (and his own tissues and fluids)

Answer 5

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 6

discovered many chemical reactions were metabolic reactions of microbes

Answer 6

Louis Pasteur

Question 7

What does alcohol fermentation involve?

Answer 7

transformation of sugars into ethanol

Question 8

what is fermentation a result of?

Answer 8

microbial waste products

Question 9

Developed a swan-necked flask experiment to demonstrate sterile nutrient solutions would remain sterile indefinitely if microbes from the environment were prevented from entering the solution

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

Developed mechanisms of sterilization used in research, medicine, food and production industries?

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur

Question 11

developed aseptic technique?

Answer 11

Louis Pasteur

Question 12

developed pasteurization?

Answer 12

Louis Pasteur

Question 13

created 1st vaccine (i.e. antrax and rabies)

Answer 13

Louis Pasteur

Question 14

demonstrated the link b/w microbes and infectous disease

Answer 14

Robert Koch

Question 15

Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

Answer 15

Robert Koch

Question 16

(criteria for associating a microbe with a disease) were used to identify the cause for dozens of microbial infections

Answer 16

Koch’s Postulates

Question 17

Name Koch’s 4 Postulates

Answer 17

1. Association
2. Cultivation
3. Inoculation
   $. Reisolation

Question 18

Who suggested Agar plates?

Answer 18

Frannie Hesse

Question 19

Association?

Answer 19

the suspected pathogens must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals

Question 20

Cultivation

Answer 20

suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture

Question 21

Innoculation?

Answer 21

cells froma pure culture of the suspected pathogen must casue disease in a healthy animal

Question 22

Reisolation

Answer 22

the suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original

Question 23

discovered autotrophy in bacteria

Answer 23

Sergei Winogradsky

Question 24

first to isolate a virus (“infectious liquid thing”)

Answer 24

Martinus Beijerinck

Question 25

4 types of microbial diversity

Answer 25

1. morphological diversity
2. metabolic diversity
3. genomic diversity
4. evolutionary diversity

Question 26

who is considered the “father of bacterial taxonomy”?

Answer 26

Ferdinand Cohn

Question 27

coined the term “bacteria”

Answer 27

Ferdinand Cohn

Question 28

2 ways microbes obtain ENERGY?

Answer 28

1. chemolithotrophy
2. chemoorganotrophy

Question 29

how do microbes obtain their carbon?

Answer 29

1. heterotrophy
2. autotrophy

Question 30

Chemolithotrophy

Answer 30

energy source: inorganic molecules (H2, H2S, Fe2+, etc.)
carbon source: make own food using CO2

Question 31

Chemo-organotrophy

Answer 31

energy source: organic carbon based molecules (sugars, proteins, etc.)
carbon source: organic compounds

Question 32

Heterotrophy

Answer 32

energy source: organic molecules
carbon source: organic matter

Question 33

autotrophy

Answer 33

energy source: make own food through sunlight/inorganic means
carbon source: make own food using CO2

Question 34

How can microbial diversity be measured?

Answer 34

1. O2 requirements: aerobic/anaerobic
2. optimal growth conditions: tempt, pH
3. specific nutritional requirements: metal cofactors/ vitamins
4. relationship with other organisms: platonic (free-living), parasites, symbiotes