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ENCOR > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two benefits of VRRPv3 over other FHRP protocols?

A

Multivendor support
IPv6 support

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2
Q

What group numbers can you configure with HSRPv1?

A

0-255

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3
Q

What group numbers can you configure with HSRPv2?

A

0-4095

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4
Q

What provides load balancing at Layer 3?

A

GLBP

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5
Q

What provides load balancing at layer 2?

A

VSS

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6
Q

What is the virtual MAC address for HSRPv1?

A

0000.0c07.acxx

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7
Q

What is the multicast address for HSRPv1?

A

224.0.0.2

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8
Q

How is the master router selected in VRRP?

A

Highest priority
Highest IP address

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9
Q

Which FHRP protocol maximizes uplink utilization?

A

GLBP

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10
Q

What is a difference between HSRPv1 and HSRPv2 in terms of timer configuration?

A

v2 supports millisecond timers

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11
Q

What is a configuration prerequisite when configuring Nonstop Forwarding?

A

SSO

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12
Q

What is not supported in Nonstop Forwarding?

A

IPv6 routing
IP multicast routing
HSRP

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13
Q

What problem does configuring SSO with HSRP solve?

A

Interruption of service in case of a failover

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14
Q

What is a FIB?

A

Forwarding Information Base
The actual information that a routing/switching device uses to choose the interface that a given packet will use for egress

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15
Q

How is a FIB populated?

A

By one or more RIBs

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16
Q

What is a RIB?

A

Routing Information Base
A selection of routing information learned via static definition or a dynamic routing protocol

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17
Q

Which QoS component can alter a packet, classification or marking?

A

Marking

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18
Q

What are some differences between policing and shaping?

A

Policing drops rather than buffers excessive traffic
Shaping can introducte latency issues

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19
Q

How does CEF make forwarding decisions

A

By using the FIB and Adjacency table

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20
Q

What uses a fast cache that is maintained in a router’s data plane?

Fast

A

Fast Switching

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21
Q

How does shaping handle network congestion?

A

Buffers and queues packets aboce the committed rate

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22
Q

Where should policing be performed?

A

As close to the source as possible

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23
Q

In SD-WAN, which component deals with the orchestration plane?

A

vBond

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24
Q

In SD-WAN, which component deals with the data plane?

A

vSmart

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25
Q

In SD-WAN, which component is the single plane of management?

A

vManage

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26
Q

In SD-WAN, what are some things vSmart does?

A

Implements policies created on vManage
Advertise routes, routers, security and policy information to edge routers via OMP
Establish secure control plane connections

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27
Q

In SD-WAN, what are some things vBond does?

A

Acts as a STUN server during the onboarding process of edge devices
Onboards vEdge notes into the fabric
Responsible for the zero-touch provisioning process
Shares information on how the network is connected

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28
Q

What is OMP?

A

Overlay Management Protocol
A control plane protocol used between SD-WAN routers and controllers

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29
Q

In SD-WAN, what is a VPN?

A

Virtualized environment that provides traffic isolation and segmentation in the fabric

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30
Q

How does priority work in HSRP?

A

Default priority is 100, can be configured 0-255
Highest priority takes precedence

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31
Q

What are some features about VRRP that are not true about all other FHRPs?

A

Pre-emption is enabled by default
Secondary IP addresses are supported with VRRP

32
Q

GLBP is capable of what types of load balancing?

A

Round-robin (default)
Host dependent
Weighted

33
Q

What is SSO?

A

Stateful Switchover
A redundancy feature that allows a supervisor engine to take over when the primary supervisor engine fails

34
Q

When removing an active supervisor on a switch for maintenance, what mechanism ensures there is no downtime?

A

SSO

35
Q

What are some considerations you should have when using SSO as a network redundancy feature?

A

Must be combined with NSF to support uninterrupted L3 operations
Requires synchronization between supervisors in order to guarantee continuous connectivity

36
Q

What happens in a failover situation in a design situation where NSF is combined with SSO?

A

The standby route processor immediately takes control and forwards packets along known routes

37
Q

What is best-practice for a core layer in a three-tier network design?

A

Provide redundant L3 point-to-point links between core devices for faster and more predictable convergence

38
Q

What is routed access?

A

An alternate configuration where Layer 3 is extended to the access layer switches. No L2 links, so no STP required.
Facilitates a migration from a traditional campus design to a programmable fabric design

39
Q

What architecture is commonly used in data centers?

A

Spine-and-leaf

40
Q

What are some best practices when designing a campus L3 infrastructure?

A

Summarize routes from the aggregation layer toward the core layer
Tune CEF load balancing hash for ECMP routing

41
Q

What are some network problems that would indicate a need to implement QoS?

A

Excess jitter
Packet loss (bandwidth related)

42
Q

How is QoS packet classification performed?

A

By modifying the TOS field in the layer 3 header

43
Q

How is the RIB derived?

A

From the control plane

44
Q

What is stored in TCAM?

A

ACL and QoS information

45
Q

What is TCAM used for?

A

For layer #3 address lookups

46
Q

What are the modes for CEF?

A

Central CEF mode
Distributed CEF mode

47
Q

What punts each packet?

A

Process switching

48
Q

What is the differences between CEF and process switching in terms of what’s being used?

A

CEF uses dedicated hardware processors, process switching uses the main processor

49
Q

What deployment model would you use if you wanted to manage several branches locally with CAPWAP?

A

Mobility Express

50
Q

What is Cisco Unified Wireless Network?

A

A wireless solution that can support a main office and multiple branch locations. All sites would have local Internet connections and a link to the main office for corporate connectivity. The branch offices are managed centrally.

51
Q

What wireless design should you use if you want the wireless network to be fully functional even if the WLC fails?

A

FlexConnect

52
Q

What is DSCP?

A

Differentiated Services Code Point
DS is the six-bit portion of the IP header used to classify packets

53
Q

In QoS, what is a policy map?

A

A mechanism to create a scheduler for packets prior to forwarding

54
Q

In QoS, what is a service policy?

A

A mechanism to apply a QoS policy to an interface

55
Q

In SD-WAN, what protocol is used to detect link failures and measure link quality?

A

BFD
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
Enabled by default

56
Q

What does the TOS field indicate?

A

The priority of a packet

57
Q

In SD-Access, how is 802.11 traffic handled?

A

AP converts to 802.3
Encapsulated into VXLAN

58
Q

What must match between routers in HSRP configuration?

A

Virtual IP address
Key-strings
Group numbers

59
Q

What are the nodes in SD-Access?

A

Control plane
Fabric border
Fabric edge
Intermediate
WLC

60
Q

When connected to a edge switch in SD-Access fabric, what decides if the client has access to the internet?

A

ISE
Identity Services Engine

61
Q

In wiresless SD-Access, what provides radio resource management?

A

WLC

62
Q

In SD-Access, what provides Layer 2 and 3 logical networks?

A

Overlay network

63
Q

In SD-Access, what control plane protocol maps and resolves endpoints?

A

LISP

64
Q

In SD-Access, what does the control plane node (CPN) do?

A

Tracks endpoint ID (EID) to edge node bindings
Holds a comprehensive database that tracks endpoints and networks in the fabric

65
Q

In SD-Access, what does a fabric edge node do?

A

Connects endpoints to the fabric and forwards their traffic

66
Q

In SD-Access, what does a fusion router do?

A

Enables VRF, leaking routes between user-defined virtual networks and shared services

67
Q

In wireless SD-Access, what is part of the fabric overlay?

A

APs

68
Q

In SD-Access, what does a fabric border node do?

A

Connects the SD-Access fabric to another fabric or external Layer 3 networks

69
Q

In wireless SD-Access, what is Inter-xTR roaming?

A

Allows a client to roam from an AP to another AP on a different access-switch

70
Q

What is the recommended MTU size for a Cisco SD-Access Fabric?

A

1900

71
Q

In SD-Access deployment, what does VXLAN do?

A

Data plane forwarding

72
Q

What is used in the policy plane of the fabric in SD-Access?

A

TrustSec

73
Q

In SD-Access, what is the role of ISE?

A

It is leveraged for dynamic endpoint to group mapping and policy definition

74
Q

In SD-Access, what does the DNA Center do?

A

Management
It is responsible for the design, management, deployment, provisioning, and assurance of the fabric network devices

75
Q

What are the two types of data policy in SD-WAN?

A

Centralized - provisioned centrally on vSmart and affects traffic flow across entire network
Localized - provisioned locally on vEdge devices using access lists

76
Q

What is LMP (Link Management Protocol)?

A

Activated on each link of the StackWise Virtual link to:
Verify link integrity by establishing bidirectional traffic forwarding/rejecting unidirectional links
Exchange periodic hellos for monitoring

ENCOR (3 decks)

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