05 Airway function Flashcards
What is the function of airway and what facilitate its function
Conduct O2 and CO2
Facilitated by:
- calibre (smooth muscles)
- mechanical stability (cartilage)
List the cell types in the airway
- Lining
- Secretory
- Contractile
- Immune
5.Vascular - Neuroendocrine
7 Connective
What are the acini in submucosal gland
Serous acini which is more peripheral: releases watery secretion (lysozyme)
Mucous acini: releases mucus
Glands also secrete water and salts
What is the ciliary structure
9+2 arrangement of microtubules
Apical hooks that move mucus
What is the function of airway epithelium
Mucus secretion and muco-ciliary clearance
Physical barrier
Release of inflammatory mediators: NO, CO, prostaglandins
What is the function of tracheobronchial circulation
Warms and humidfies inspired air
Gas exchange
Transport and clear inflammatory mediators
List the mediators secreted by pulmonary smooth muscles
NO, prostaglandins, cytokines, chemokines
What is the blood supply to the lungs and how are they drained
Broncho-tracheal circulation
Tracheal circulation drains to the systemic vein
Bronchial circulation drains to both systemic and pulmonary vein
Define asthma and describe its characteristics
Clinical condition which the patient is hypersensitive to a variety of stimuli
Describe the histological finding of asthma
Vasodilation Bronchoconstriction Mucus plug formation Epithelial fragility Infiltrated by eosinophils
Describe the histological finding of asthma
Vasodilation Bronchoconstriction Mucus plug formation Epithelial fragility Infiltrated by eosinophils Thickening of basement membrane
What are the consequences of asthma to the structure of the airways
Goblet cell hyperplasia
Submucosal gland hypertrophy
