词义 Flashcards

1
Q

词语意义的演变

A

词语意义的演变形式,主要有扩大、缩小、转移三积。

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2
Q

词语意义的引申

A

本义与引申义的关系,从疏密程度上来说,主要起见为直接引申与间接引申两个方面。由本义引申出来的意义叫做直接引申。不是由本义引申,而是由前一引申义引申出来的意义叫做间接引申义。

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3
Q

词语意义的辨别

A

1.根据上下文意
2.依照对举词语
3.遵循使用惯例
4.联想词语组合

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4
Q

词语意义范围的扩大:牙

A

牙:大牙(臼齿)—牙齿。《说文·牙部》:"牙,壯齿也。"段玉裁注:"壯齿者,齿之大者也。

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5
Q

词语意义范围的扩大:皮

A

皮:兽皮— 皮肤— 植物表面的东西— 物体的表层—表面的— 肤浅的。

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6
Q

词语意义范围的扩大:鸟

A

鸟:长尾鸟— 鸟。巜说文·鸟部》:"鸟,长尾属总名也。"

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7
Q

词语意义范围的缩小:丈夫

A

本来是成年男子甚至男子的通称— 妻的夫

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8
Q

词语意义范围的缩小:子

A

孩子的通称,包括男女— 男孩。

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9
Q

词语意义范围的缩小:禽

A

禽:统称鸟兽— 专指鸟类。

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10
Q

词语意义范围的转移:走

A

走:奔跑—徐行

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11
Q

词语意义范围的转移:涕

A

涕:眼泪— 鼻涕

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12
Q

词语意义范围的转移:脚

A

脚:小腿— 足

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13
Q

词语意义范围的转移:兵

A

兵:兵器—士兵

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